Solutions

Our brochures and operation manuals indicate body weight of the patient as a yardstick when selecting a SpO2 probe. We also state that an ideal thickness of measurement site is 6 to 18 mm in Case 2. Nonetheless, there are cases that it is difficult to stably measure an accurate SpO2 value especially for neonates and infants.

Is there any official document or evidence evaluating the accuracy and the performance of Nihon Kohden probes?

How frequent should the probe attachment site and repositioning be checked?

There are some cases that are difficult to measure SpO2 such as with restless patients due to body movement. In order to detect accurate and stable SpO2 measurement, the probes should be attached in position.

How shall we select the measurement site? For Infant and Neonates?
Where shall we attach for patients who are difficult to measure with fingers/toes due to contraction of peripheral blood vessels or low perfusion?

What is SpO2 measurement? What is the mechanism of SpO2 measurement with a pulse oximeter?

Electrodes are attached correctly but the waveform shown on the display is not clear enough. It seems it has some kind of artifact.

Is there anything to be aware of, while recording ECG?

What is ECG? Where and how do we attach probes to patients to record clear ECG?

An incubator in NICU has a lot of moisture and fogging, it is difficult to monitoring CO2 through a sampling tube for carbon dioxide.
Therefore transcutaneous Gas-Monitoring has been used in an incubator.
However that has also other risk of burn injury including cutaneous vesicles.

Even though CO2 is important and recommended by ASA/APSM Guidelines, we have a lot of difficulties as below;

1. No portable CO2 monitor
2. Delicate and easy to break, and short lifetime
3. Long CO2 calibration and long warm-up
4. Condensation or water trapped in sampling line
5. Slow response, or long time to get results
6. Difficult calibration 
7. Not available for child because of bulky size, dead space